Knowledge & market notes.
Short, sourced notes for buyers, engineers and project teams.
Latest notes
Practical, sourced notes on supply, contracting and training. General guidance only.
28 Oct 2026
FOB, CFR, CIF: what a bulk commodity quote really includes
How FOB, CFR and CIF under Incoterms 2020 change who pays freight, who insures and where risk passes, with six questions to ask of any bulk offer.
24 Oct 2026
Permit to work: the elements that make it work
What a permit-to-work system is for, the elements regulators expect, and the common weak points, based on HSE UK guidance.
24 Oct 2026
H2S awareness for field crews: the facts every trainee must know
What hydrogen sulfide does at different concentrations, why smell is not a warning, and the basic controls used on oil and gas sites.
24 Oct 2026
Well control training levels explained: who needs what, and how often
A plain summary of the role-based well control training levels recommended by IOGP Report 476 and how they are assessed and renewed.
24 Oct 2026
Compaction testing for road earthworks: Proctor tests and field density
How laboratory Proctor tests and field density tests work together to prove road subgrade and base layers are properly compacted.
24 Oct 2026
Concrete strength tests: how acceptance really works
What counts as a "test", how the ACI acceptance rule works, and why most low results trace back to how specimens were made and handled.
24 Oct 2026
Seawater reverse osmosis plants: pretreatment, membranes and post-treatment
How a seawater RO plant protects its membranes, why the product water is conditioned, and what the WHO guidance asks operators to watch.
24 Oct 2026
Material certificates for plant spares: EN 10204 types and positive material identification
The difference between EN 10204 type 2.1, 2.2, 3.1 and 3.2 documents, and how PMI adds a check on alloy parts at site.
24 Oct 2026
Primary aluminium ingot grades: how to read P1020 and related designations
What P1020A and similar designations mean, how exchange-grade aluminium is defined, and which documents a buyer should ask for.
24 Oct 2026
Sprinkler pipework acceptance: the hydrostatic and air tests explained
What the hydrostatic and air leakage tests on new sprinkler pipework prove, how they are run, and the mistakes that cause a re-test.
24 Oct 2026
Fire pump acceptance testing: what happens on test day
A plain guide to the field acceptance test of a new fire pump: preparation, flow points, controller starts and the records you should keep.
Market brief
Each week: what the sources said about sulphur, aluminium, contracting and oil & gas, with a named source and link for every item.
Reference guides
How the sulphur market works
Where sulphur comes from, who uses it and what moves the price.
Sulphur handling & safety
UN 1350, storage and shipping documents.
Logistics & terms
Incoterms, letters of credit and the shipping document set.
Buyer's guide
Glossary and warning signs in commodity trade.
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